Для цитирования:
Химин М. Н. Игра Ахилла и Аякса в кости. Проблема определения сильнейшего героя //Античный мир и археология. 2009. Т. 13, вып. 13. С. 70-82.
Игра Ахилла и Аякса в кости. Проблема определения сильнейшего героя
Achilles and Ajax playing dice is a subject known only through a vase-painting, thus some scholars speculate that this story did not originate through epic tradition, but, rather, was created by visual artists. This interpretation, however, is unlikely for the following reason. In the earlier myths, it was Ajax who killed Hector, but later the epic was changed to have Achilles being the hero to bring Hector’s downfall. Thus comes about the problem of identifying Achilles as the «first/foremost» hero in epics relating to Hector’s death and explaining why Ajax could no longer be the hero to kill Hector. In order to explain that, it had to be shown that the stronger of the two heroes was Achilles and not Ajax. Thus, it is likely that the story about the game (which Achilles won) of two heroes in a Greek epic contained the above mentioned competition between Ajax and Achilles. Hence, the result of the game gave the answer to the question as to who is the best: because Ajax didn’t become the «first» hero, he couldn’t be the one to kill Hector.
Гордезиани Р.В. Проблемы гомеровского эпоса. Тбилиси, 1978.
Доватур А.И. Повествовательный и научный стиль Геродота. Л., 1957.
Зайцев А.И. Древнегреческий героический эпос и «Илиада» Гомера // Зайцев А. И. Избранные статьи. Т. 2 / Под ред. Н. А. Алмазовой, Л. Я. Жмудя. СПб., 2003.
Клейн Л.С. Анатомия Илиады. СПб., 1998.
Лорд А.Б. Сказитель. М., 1994.
Онианс Р. На коленях богов. Истоки европейской мысли о душе, разуме, теле, времени, мире и судьбе. М., 1999.
Тронский И.М. Вопросы языкового развития в античном обществе. Л., 1973.
Туманс Х. Идеологические аспекты власти Писистрата // ВДИ. 2001. № 4.
Туманс Х. Рождение Афины. Афинский путь к демократии: от Гомера до Перикла. СПб., 2002.
Austin R.G. Greek Board-Games // Antiquity. 1940. Vol. 14.
Bethe E. Die trojanische Ausgrabungen und die Homerkritik // Neue Jahrbücher für das klassische Altertum. 1904. Bd. 13
Boardman J. Exekias // AJA. 1978. Vol. 82. № 1.
Boardman J. Herakles, Peisistratos and Sons // RA. 1972. Fasc. 1.
Boardman J. Herakles, Peisistratos and Eleusis // JHS. 1975. Vol. 95.
Boardman J. Herakles, Peisistratos and Unconvinced // JHS. 1989. Vol. 109.
Bowra C.M. Homer. L., 1972.
Brumbaugh R. The Knossos Game Board // AJA. 1975. Vol. 79. № 1.
Buchholz H.-G. Brettspielende Helden // Sport und Spiel / S. Laser. Archaeologia Homerica.
Burgess J. The Tradition of the Trojan War in Homer and the Epic Cycle. Baltimore; London, 2001.
Carpenter T.H. Art and Myth in Ancient Greece. L., 1996.
Caskey L.D., Beazley J.D. Attic Vase Paintings in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Oxf., 1961. Vol. 3.
Cauer P. Grundfragen der Homerkritik. Leipzig, 1921. Hft. 1.
Chase G.H. Two Sixth Century Attic Vase // BMFA. 1946. Vol. 44. P. 49
Diel E.E. Eine attische Amphora mit brettspielenden Helden // BerlMus. 1962. Bd. 12.
Hainsworth J.B. The Flexibility of Homeric Formula. Oxf., 1968.
Hallet C. The Roman Nude. Oxf., 2005.
Hauser F. Griechische Vasenmalerei. München, 1910. Bd. 3.
Hedreen G. Capturing Troy. The Narrative Functions of Landscape in Archaic and Classical Greek Art. Ann Arbor, 2001.
Hoekstra A. Homeric modifications of Formulaic Prototypes. Studies in the Development of Greek Epic Diction. Amsterdam, 1965.
Hurwit J.M. The Problem with Dexileos: Heroic and Other Nudities in Greek Art // AJA. 2007. Vol. 111. № 1.
Janco R. The Iliad: Commentary / Ed. by G. S. Kirk. Vol. 4. Books 13-16. Cambr., 2004.
Kapitel T. Göttingen, 1987.
Kemp-Lindemann D. Darstelungen des Achilleus in griechischer und römischer Kunst. Berlin; Frankfurt, 1975.
Kirk G.S. The Songs of Homer. Cambridge, 1962.
Kirk G.S. The Iliad: Commentary / Ed. by G. S. Kirk. Vol. 1: Books 1-4. Cambridge, 2004.
Kossatz-Deissmann A. Achilleus // LIMC. 1981. Bd. 1.
Kunze E. Archaische Schildbänder. B., 1950.
Kurke L. Ancient Greek Board Games and How to Play Them // CPh. 1999. Vol. 94.
Lamer H. Lusoria tabula // RE. 1927. Bd. 13.2. Sp. 1900-2029.
Lowenstam S. The Arming of Achilleus on Early Greek Vases // ClAnt. 1993. Vol. 12. № 2.
Mommsen H. Achill und Aias plichtvergessen? // Tainia: Festschrift R. Hampe / Hrsg. von H. A. Cahn, A. Simon. Mainz am Rhein, 1980.
Moore M. Horses by Exekias // AJA. 1968. Vol. 72. № 4.
Moore M. Exekias and Telamonian AJAx // AJA. 1980. Vol. 4. № 4.
Murray H.J.R. A History of Board Games Other than Chess. Oxf., 1957.
Nagy G. The Best of the Achaeans: Concepts of the Hero in Archaic Greek Poetry. L., 1981.
Nagy G. Greek Mythology and Poetics. Ithaca; London, 1996.
Neutsch W. Ein Meister der griechischen Vasenmalerei. Marburg, 1949/1950.
Nilsson M.P. Homer and Mycenae. L., 1933.
Nilsson M.P. The Mycenaean Origin of Greek Mythology. Berkeley; Los Angeles; London, 1972.
Page D.L. History and the Homeric Iliad. Berkeley, 1959.
Parry M. The Making of Homeric Verse: The Collected Papers of Milman Parry / Ed. by A. Parry. Oxf., 1971.
Robert C. Die Neckya des Polygnot // Hallisches Winckelmannsprogramm. 1892. Bd. 16.
Robert C. Studien zur Ilias. B., 1901.
Robert C. Die griechische Heldensage. B., 1923. Bd. 2.
Sacks R. The Traditional Phrase in Homer. Two Studies in Form, Meaning and Interpretation. Leiden; New York; København; Köln, 1987.
Schefold K. Statuen auf Vasenbildern // JdI. 1937. Bd. 52.
Schefold K. Gods and Heroes in Late Archaic Greek Art. Cambr., 1992.
Schweitzer B. Die Entwicklung der Bildform in der attischen Kunst von 540 bis 490 // JdI. 1929. Bd. 44.
Small J.P. The Parallel worlds of Classical Art and Text. Cambr., 2003.
Technau W. Exekias. Leipzig, 1936.
Thompson D. L. Exekias and the Brettspieler // ArchCl. 1976. Bd. 27
Vermeule E. Aspects of Death in Early Greek Art and Poetry. Berkeley; Los Angeles, 1979.
Wecklein N. Epikritische zur Homerischen Frage // SBMünch. 1923. Bd. 6.
West M.L. The Rise of the Greek Epic // JHS. 1988. Vol. 58.
West S. A Commentary on Homer's Odyssey / Ed. by A. Heubeck, S. West, J. B. Hainsworth. Vol. 1. Books I-IV. Oxf., 1988.
Wood M. In Search of the Trojan War. L., 1985.
Woodford S. Ajax and Achilles Playing a Game on an Olpe in Oxford // JHS. 1982. Vol. 102.
Woodford S. The Trojan War in Ancient Art. L., 1993.