Varia

For the first time Carthaginians had seen the war elephants on Sicily during the war against Pyrrhus. After that they had made war elephants’ divisions, which Carthaginians had being caught on the Atlas mountain foot. This threatening form of armament they had used during the conquering of Spain and against Romans during Punic wars. With their help Carthaginians had broken through the Roman formation in the Battle of Tunes in 256 BC, and Hannibal could carry them out over Rhone and Alps.

The article is dedicated to the research of the topography of ancient Christian churches. Basing on the written sources and the observation of the ancient sites, the author marks out eight types of location of the churches during the period of Christianization of the Roman Empire. After the edict of the emperor Theodosius of 392, the Christians started using pagan sanctuaries for their cults and ceremonies.

The general problem raised in the article is the significance of the artifacts from the stern areas of shipwrecks in the study of the history seafaring. Have we can find different things such as personal things of crewmen, coins, carpenter’s instruments, galley pottery, sacral objects. All this allows us to get a full picture of a person’s life and work in the sea.

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