Для цитирования:
Козленко А. В. Плюмбата в римской армии IV–VI вв. //Античный мир и археология. 2009. Т. 13, вып. 13. С. 290-300.
Плюмбата в римской армии IV–VI вв.
Plumbata, mattiobarbula and μαρτζοβάρβουλον were the names of a javelin with a lead weight. It was a part of standard military equipment of Late Roman soldiers. Vegetius, Maurice and Anonymous Reformer describe the plumbata as a throwing weapon with a range of throw superior to the javelin. Archaeological remains of plumbata looks like small barbed head on the iron stem and barrel shaped lead weight. Their length could vary from 98 mm to 275 mm long and weight from 130 gm to 350 gm. Modern reenactors reconstructed plumbata as a shot javelin with special way of usage. It was held in the tail and throw away by untwisting. Due to the good weight respecting to the small size, the energy consumption during the plumbata flight was smaller than that of the javelin. It helps to use the plumbata as the effective weapon of the first strike and explains Vegetius’s recommendations to this weapon as well.
Коннолли П. Греция и Рим. Энциклопедия военной истории / Пер. С. Лопуховой, А. Хромовой. М., 2000.
Кучма В.В. Военная организация Византийской империи. СПб., 2001.
Baatz D. Schleudergeschosse aus Blei - eine waffentechnische Untersuchung // Saalburg Jahrbuch. 1990. Bd. 45.
Barker Ph. The Plumbatae from Wroxeter // De Rebus Bellicis.
Barnes T.D. The Date of Vegetius // Phoenix. 1979. Vol. 33.
Bennett B.A. Plumbatae from Pitsunda (Pityus), Georgia, and some observations on their probable use // Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies. 1991. Vol. 2.
Bishop M.C., Coulston J.C.N. Roman Military Equipment. From Punic Wars to the Fall of Rome. L., 1993.
Cameron A. The Date of Anonymus De Rebus Bellicis // De Rebus Bellicis. Pt. 1. Aspects of the De Rebus Bellicis. Papers Presented to Professor E. A. Thompson / Ed. by M. W. C. Hassall. Oxf., 1979.
Connolly P. The Reconstruction and Use of Roman Weaponry in the Second Century B. C. // Journal of Roman Military Equipment Studies. 2000. Vol. 11.
Degen R. Plumbatae. Wurfgeschosse der Spatantike // Helvetia Archaeologica. 1992. Bd. 23.
Dixon K.R., Southern P. The Late Roman Army. L., 1996.
Eagle J. Testing Plumbatae // Roman Military Equipment. The Sources of Evidence. Ed. by C. van Driel-Murray. Oxf., 1989.
Gabriel R.A., Metz K.S. From Sumer to Rome: The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. L., 1991.
Goldsworthy A.K. The Roman Army at War 100 B. C. - A. D. 200. Oxf., 1996.
Jones T.B. Ueber die Quelle der Erlauterung der Suda zu den Legionsnamen Ioviani und Herculiani // AJPh. 1936. Vol. 57.
Junkelmann M. Die Legionen des Augustus. Der römische Soldat im archäologischen Experiment. Mainz, 2000.
Kolias T. Byzantynische Waffen. Wien, 1988.
Ritterling S. Legio // RE. 1925. Bd. 24.
Sherlock D. Plumbatae - A Note on the Method of Manufacture // De Rebus Bellicis.
Sumner G. Roman Army. Wars of Empire. L., 1997.
Volling Th. Plumbata - mattiobarbulus - martzobarboulon. Bemerkungen zu einem Waffenfund aus Olympia // Archäologischer Anzeiger. 1991.
Volling Th. Plumbatae sagittae? Anmerkungen zu Waffenfunden aus dem augusteischen Lager von Haltern // Boreas. 1991-1992. Bd. 14-15.
Wheeler E.L. Firepower: Missile Weapons and the «Face of Battle» // Electrum. 2001. Vol. 5.