The Vandal Arian Church in North Africa is often regarded as a kind of ethnical religious group with prevailing of the German element. But in reality the situation was more complicated. In this case the investigation of the dynamics of Arian Church development is of the special interest.
Plumbata, mattiobarbula and μαρτζοβάρβουλον were the names of a javelin with a lead weight. It was a part of standard military equipment of Late Roman soldiers. Vegetius, Maurice and Anonymous Reformer describe the plumbata as a throwing weapon with a range of throw superior to the javelin. Archaeological remains of plumbata looks like small barbed head on the iron stem and barrel shaped lead weight. Their length could vary from 98 mm to 275 mm long and weight from 130 gm to 350 gm.
После гибели Стилихона (22 августа 408 г.), фактического правителя Западной Римской империи при императоре Гонории, для Рима наступила наиболее трагическая пора за все время его существования. В течение двух последующих лет Городу пришлось пережить три осады Алариха, сопровождавшиеся страшным голодом и массовыми беспорядками, и, наконец, взятие и разграбление.
Изучая историю поздней Римской империи, мы сталкиваемся с чрезвычайно запутанной терминологией, вплоть до того, что иногда трудно различить этнонимы и понятия совершенно иной категории, например, связанные с социальной либо военной сферой. Разумеется, ни в одном источнике невозможно встретить определения этих понятий, да и вообще сведения о них, как правило, весьма фрагментарны.
На одном из рельефов колонны Траяна в Риме изображена депутация, прибывшая к императору во время его Второй дакийской войны, зимой 105/6 г. В составе довольно многочисленной группы представителей разных племен представлен знатный дак, стоящий перед двумя беседующими между собой греками-боспорянами.
The Roman legionary’s arms changed very much in the epoch of the Later Empire in comparison with the ones existing in the time of the Republic and the Principate. The radical changes came about as well in the military methods used by the Romans in battlefield: the phalanx defensive tactics replaced the traditional legion tactics of combined action when pilum volley anticipated hand-to-hand fighting.
New family conception making was a topical task during the period of Christian society formation. Tertullian rather consequently protested the trends which denied a family but considered the saving of marriage as a temporary concession to human weakness. The family model which he proposed did not imply any social responsibilities beyond church activity. Neither common housekeeping, nor children birth could be a reasonable ground for creating a family. Paradoxically, only inability to continence was admitted by him as a good cause to get married.
Material from Pompeii allows to restore the picture of economic life of nobility in the city, who joined, quite actively, the commercial life of the community, starting from II B. C. There they joined activities of free craftspeople, who worked in small workshops. Domus, usually belonging to one family, becomes the center of families’ economic life. The number of small shops and workshops around was growing; and they were given, as peculia, to individuals, who were under the power of a houseowner.