amphorae

The article discusses the materials of Complex No. 8 from Settlement 3 near the stanitsa of Taman. The main part of the complex consists of fragmented and archaeologically intact red-clay simple pottery. The complex also includes a rare amphora of Kos and a herm depicting the Bearded God. The article provides analogies and dates for the ceramic materials.

The topic of the article is the story of the appearance and spread of ancient ceramics in the Northern Black Sea region in the 7^th century BC. Monuments where ceramics were found only in the 7^th century are chosen for discussion. These are settlements (hillforts) and burials. The collection of antique tableware found in total on these monuments consists of the main dining room and container ceramics (amphorae). Analysis of the collection shows that the dating of painted ceramics is 20–30 years ahead of the dating of early amphoric containers.

The article presents an overview of the complex of pottery originating from the basement (CK2) from the settlement Zavetnoe 5 at the Eastern Crimea (fig. 1–2). The chronological boundaries of a series of transport amphorae fit within the interval from the 70s to the 2nd quarter of the 3rd cent. BC. (fig. 3–7). By the same period are dated groups of table uncovered (fig. 9–11), kitchen (fig. 12) and hand-made pottery (fig. 13). There are no specimens of the III cent. BC among the black glaze vessels from the complex (fig. 8).

The paper describes amphora stamps from an interesting “closed” complex documented in the beginning of the 1980s on the “Kostadin cheshma” site to the west of Bourgas bay. The pit contained fragments of several hundred amphorae, black glazed vessels, and domestic ceramics. It was possible to successfully narrow down the period during which it was filled out to the 370s – 360s BC.

Using Greek ceramics and arrowheads from the Scythian kurgans of the Northern Black Sea region the article proposes chronology of glass monochrome beads – biconical, pyramidal and flat rhomboid, identified in types 88–96, 112–115 and 171 (Fig.1) in the typology of E.M. Alekseyeva (1978).

The article describes a method for calculating the volume of amphorae using the three-dimensional editor Blender and proposes a new fairly accurate method for calculating the volume of antique amphorae on the example of transport amphorae of the Kos island IV–I century BC. The method described in the article is based on the 3-D model of amphorae as complex bodies of revolution.