ISSN 0320-961X (Print)
ISSN - (Online)


Full text:
(downloads: 48)
Language: 
Russian
Article type: 
Article

Сон и смерть, тело и душа, Артемидор и Фрейд (заметки о некоторых специфических чертах античного греческого менталитета)

Autors: 
Surikov Igor Evgenyevich, Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Abstract: 

In the article, several mutually connected features of Ancient Greek mentality are dealt with on the material of various pieces of literary tradition. The Sleep (Hypnos) and the Death (Thanatos) are called brothers by Hesiod. Sleep is connected with dreams, and typical Greek dreams, to judge for instance from Artemidorus’ Oneirocritica, are in many cases rather unlike our modern dreams. If the latter have, according to Freud, a “censorial” function, in Greek dreams such a function was not highly developed. The Greeks often dreamt about genitals, coitus and so on. In this relation the situation is, I dare say, contrary to ours: not neutral symbolic was used to substitute sexual matters, but – quite opposite! – sexual symbolic could be used to substitute non-sexual matters.

And in general one can speak of more frankness of the Greeks in the questions of intimacy as compared with our civilization’s views. It is possible to remember also a kind of ‘cult’ of male nudity in Greece. As Russian poet and thinker Maximilian Voloshin said, the real face of a Greek was his body. It is visible, inter alia, in iconographical representations.

The priority of the theme of body (soma) in Greek connotations of human existence is a very typical feature. It is manifest also in Greek perception of the death and the future life.

Key words: 
Reference: 

Алексинский Д.П. Еще раз о «героической наготе» // Исседон. 2003. Т. 2. Андреев Ю.В. Цена свободы и гармонии: Несколько штрихов к портрету греческой цивилизации. СПб., 1998.

Волошин М.А. Лики творчества. Л., 1988.

Кессиди Ф.Х. Философия истории Фукидида. М., 2008.

Кудрявцева Т.В. Народный суд в демократических Афинах. СПб., 2008.

Лосев А.Ф. История античной эстетики: итоги тысячелетнего развития. М., 1994. Кн. 2.

Суриков И.Е. О некоторых особенностях правосознания афинян классической эпохи // Древнее право. 1999. № 2 (5).

Суриков И.Е. Греческий роман и греческое понимание характера // ПИФК. 2000. Вып. 9.

Фрейд З. Введение в психоанализ: Лекции. СПб., 1997.         

Andrewes A. The Arginousai Trial // Phoenix. 1974. Vol. 28. No. 1.

Bleckmann B. Athens Weg in die Niederlage: Die letzten Jahre des Peloponnesischen Kriegs. Leipzig, 1998.

Burckhardt L. Eine Demokratie wohl, aber kein Rechtsstaat? Der Arginusenprozeß des Jahres 406 v.Chr. // Große Prozesse im antiken Athen. München, 2000.

Dayton J. ‘The Athletes of War’: An Evaluation of the Agonistic Elements in Greek Warfare. Diss. Brown Univ., 2003.

Dougherty C. Prometheus. L.; N.Y., 2006. 

Dover K.J. Homosexualität in der griechischen Antike. München, 1983.

Edwards A.T. Hesiod’s Ascra. Berkeley, 2004.

Gernet L. Droit et institutions en Grèce antique. P., 1982.

Goldhill S. Antigone and the Politics of Sisterhood // Laughing with Medusa: Classical Myth and Feminist Thought. Oxf., 2006.

Harris E.M. Antigone the Lawyer, or the Ambiguities of Nomos // The Law and the Courts in Ancient Greece. L., 2004.

Hatzfeld J. Socrate au procès des Arginuses // RÉA. 1940. Vol. 42.

Hölscher T. Immagini dell'identità greca // I Greci: Storia, cultura, arte, società / A cura di S. Settis. 2. Una storia greca. II. Definizione. Torino, 1997.

Krentz P. Fighting by the Rules: The Invention of the Hoplite Agôn // Hesperia. 2002. Vol. 71.

Lateiner D. Heralds and Corpses in Thucydides // ClW. 1977. Vol. 71. No. 2.

Lavelle B.M. Adikia, the Decree of Kannonos and the Trial of Generals // Classica et mediaevalia. 1988. Vol. 39.

Lévy E. Athènes devant la défaite de 404: Histoire d’une crise ideologique. P., 1976.

Lintott A. Violence, Civil Strife and Revolution in the Classical City, 750-330 B.C. Baltimore, 1982.

MacDowell D.M. The Law in Classical Athens. L., 1978.

McCart G. Masks in Greek and Roman Theatre // The Cambridge Companion to Greek and Roman Theatre. Cambr., 2007.

Mehl A. Für eine neue Bewertung eines Justizskandals. Der Arginusenprozess und seine Überlieferung vor dem Hintergrund von Recht und Weltanschauung im Athen des ausgehenden 5. Jh. v.Chr. // Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte. Romanistische Abt. 1982. Bd. 99.

Mirhady D.C. Torture and Rhetoric in Athens // JHS. 1996. Vol. 116.

Murray G. Reactions to the Peloponnesian War in Greek Thought and Practice // JHS. 1944. Vol. 64.

Nelson S. Hesiod // A Companion to Ancient Epic. Oxf., 2005.    

Németh G. Der Arginusen-Prozess: Die Geschichte eines politischen Justizmordes // Klio. 1984. Bd. 66. Ht. 1.

North H.F. A Period of Opposition to sôphrosynê in Greek Thought // ТАРhА. 1947. Vol. 78.

Noy D. Death // A Companion to Ancient History. Oxf., 2009.

Ober J. The Athenian Revolution: Essays on Ancient Greek Democracy and Political Theory. Princeton, 1999.

Ogden D. Greek and Roman Necromancy. Princeton, 2001.

Ostwald M. From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law. Law, Society, and Politics in Fifth-Century Athens. Berkeley, 1986.

Roberts J.T. Arginusae Once Again // ClW. 1977. Vol. 71. No. 2.

Robinson D.M., Fluck E.J. A Study of the Greek Love-names Including a Discussion of Paederasty and a Prosopographia. Baltimore, 1937.

Saunders T.J. Penal Law and Family Law in Plato's Magnesia // Symposion 1990: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte. Köln, 1991.

Shepherdson C. Antigone: The Work of Literature and the History of Subjectivity // Bound by the City: Greek Tragedy, Sexual Difference, and the Formation of the Polis. Albany, 2009.

Sourvinou-Inwood C. ‘Reading’ Greek Death: To the End of the Classical Period. Oxf., 1996.

Wedel W. von. Die politischen Prozesse im Athen des fünften Jahrhundert. Ein Beitrag zur Entwicklung der attischen Demokratie zum Rechtsstaat // Bullettino dell'Istituto di diritto Romano "Vittorio Scialoja". 1971. Vol. 13.

Whitehorne J. Punishment under the Decree of Cannonus // Symposion 1985: Vorträge zur griechischen und hellenistischen Rechtsgeschichte. Köln, 1989.

Wohl V. Sexual Difference and the Aporia of Justice in Sophocles' Antigone // Bound by the City: Greek Tragedy, Sexual Difference, and the Formation of the Polis.

Worthington I. Aristophanes' ‘Frogs' and Arginusae // Hermes. 1989. Bd. 117. Ht. 3.

Received: 
23.06.2011
Accepted: 
03.09.2011
Published: 
07.12.2011