Рим и Римский мир

The article examines the distribution and use of war booty in the Roman Republic. In spite of quite extensive historiography on this question, scholars as a rule focused their interest on the role of the commander in the process of dividing the loot, and the collective of citizens of the Roman state, which also claimed part of the loot, unreasonably remained without required attention. Therefore the article analyzes the parts of the Roman civitas, among which the spoils of war were distributed, namely, the commander, the soldiers and the treasury.

The article is devoted to three politicians and intellectuals – the republican leader Cato of Utica, Neroʼs tutor Seneca and Trajanʼs friend Pliny the Younger. An uncompromising fighter against tyranny, Cato chose to commit suicide rather than accept the dictatorship of Caesar. The conformist Seneca, who consciously accepted autocracy and dreamed of the rule of an ideal princeps, was forced to commit suicide under the compulsion of his unworthy pupil, emperor Nero.

Camulodunum was the first capital of Roman Britain. Today it is one of the well-known Roman-British towns. Recent excavations, a number of inscriptions and several passages by Tacitus and Dio shows that the earliest Roman Camulodunum was an imperial project. Roman authorities supposed that the town, which before 43 AD was a capital of “Eastern kingdom”, would become the centre of Britannia. When the legionary fortress of Camulodunum was abandoned, a civil settlement with status “colonia” of veterans was established.

Im Artikel wurden wichtige Momente der Geschichte der rheinischen Metropolen in römischer Zeit beleuchtet. Die ursprüngliche Siedlung, oppidum Ubiorum, wurde in den ersten Jahren unserer Zeitrechnung gegründet. Die führende Rolle bei den Bauarbeiten übernahmen die römischen Legionäre. Der Autor befürwortet in seiner Argumentation, dass sich das Militärlager erst innerhalb der städtischen Festigungen befand. Dort befand sich auch ara Ubiorum (dann ara Germaniae?) — Zentrum des kaiserlichen Kultes.

The paper deals with Sallust’s perception of historical time. Sallust recognizes that ancestors’ times were better than current period, but, nevertheless, doesn’t deny progressive trends in development from past to present and notes many eventual changes to the best in course of history. Evolution of human characters, according to Sallust, does not go only to the worst too (contrary to opinion of some specialists on Sallust’s concepts). The author agrees with K.

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Literary sources about the warfare between Etruscans and the Roman gens of Fabii in 477 BC show that both groups acted like initiatory groups of youths, which were characteristic for many primitive peoples. Thus, Fabii performed plundering raids into the Etruscan territory and acted very quickly and cunningly. Then, during their last battle at the Cremera river they demostrated rage and frenzy resembling to those of German berserks.

The present article deals with the legal status of tribal Moorish cavalry in Late Roman Army of North Africa. The author proposed a hypothesis, that the inclusion of these troops in regular Roman military forces was made in two stages: first, the different tribal home guards, belonged to the local chieftains, received the rank of frontier units – limitanei. And then they were modified in field’s army units by transfer from frontier garrisoned forts in big cities within the province.

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The article is devoted to interpretation of “republicanism” and “traditionalism” in the historiography. Modern researchers don’t see a special difference between “traditionalism” and “republicanism” and correlate them with aristocratic values of the senate supporters, natives of the upper classes. However, according to the author, “republicanism” and “traditionalism” can’t be synonyms as the latter was the basis for outlook of all Roman society, regardless of citizens’ estate belonging or political convictions.